You are designing a dynamic array implementation that needs to support efficient insertion at both the beginning and the end. Which of the following underlying data structures would be the MOST suitable to achieve this with optimal time complexity?
Circular Buffer
Doubly Linked List
Binary Search Tree
Singly Linked List
You are given an unsorted array of integers where each element represents the height of a bar in a histogram. Find the largest rectangular area in the histogram.
Sort the array and calculate the area for each subarray.
Iterate through the array and maintain a stack to track potential rectangle heights.
Use a divide and conquer approach to find the minimum element in each subarray.
Use dynamic programming to store the maximum area ending at each index.
Radix Sort operates by:
Recursively dividing the array and sorting subarrays.
Comparing elements and swapping them based on their values.
Building a binary tree and performing an in-order traversal.
Distributing elements into buckets based on individual digits or characters.
You are given an array of integers and a target sum. Find all unique quadruplets in the array that sum up to the target sum.
Use four nested loops to iterate through all possible combinations of four elements.
Use a hash table to store the sum of all pairs of elements.
Sort the array and use two pointers to find pairs of elements that sum up to a specific value.
Use a backtracking algorithm to explore all possible combinations of elements.
When is Bucket Sort LEAST likely to be an efficient sorting algorithm?
The dataset is very large and sparse.
The data is uniformly distributed.
The data is heavily skewed towards a few buckets.
The elements are integers within a known range.
Given an array of n positive integers and a positive integer s, find the minimal length of a contiguous subarray of which the sum ≥ s. If there isn't one, return 0 instead.
Use a sliding window approach to find the minimal length subarray.
Use binary search to find the minimal length.
Use dynamic programming to store the minimal length for all subarrays ending at each index.
Use two nested loops to iterate through all possible subarrays.
In a real-world application, you are using a dynamic array to store a constantly growing dataset. You notice that the performance degrades significantly during the array resizing operations. What strategy could you employ to mitigate this performance bottleneck?
Implement a custom memory allocator that reserves larger chunks of contiguous memory in advance.
Increase the frequency of resizing, reallocating the array with smaller size increments.
Optimize the algorithm that processes the data to reduce the overall number of insertions into the array.
Switch to a linked list data structure, sacrificing some element access speed for better insertion performance.
What is the time complexity of Bucket Sort in the average case, assuming uniformly distributed data and a fixed number of buckets?
O(log n)
O(n log n)
O(n^2)
O(n)
In the context of external sorting, what does the term 'run' typically refer to?
The process of merging two sorted subarrays.
A sequence of sorted elements that can be held in memory.
A single pass through the entire dataset.
The number of disk I/O operations performed.
External Merge Sort is particularly well-suited for scenarios where:
The dataset is small and fits entirely in memory.
Real-time sorting is required.
The data is stored on a slow, disk-based storage device.
The elements are already nearly sorted.