Prepare for Array Data Structure Interview with iQwizz | Difficulty Level: Advance | Rating: 4.8

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Question 1

Imagine you have a sorted array, and you want to find the index of the first element that is greater than a given target value. Which algorithm would provide the most efficient solution?

Bubble Sort
Linear Search
Binary Search
Selection Sort

Question 2

Consider an algorithm that iterates through a sorted array of size N. In each iteration, it performs a binary search on the array. What is the overall time complexity of this algorithm?

O(N log N)
O(log N)
O(N^2)
O(N)

Question 3

You are given an unsorted array of integers where each element represents the height of a bar in a histogram. Find the largest rectangular area in the histogram.

Sort the array and calculate the area for each subarray.
Use a divide and conquer approach to find the minimum element in each subarray.
Use dynamic programming to store the maximum area ending at each index.
Iterate through the array and maintain a stack to track potential rectangle heights.

Question 4

Which sorting algorithm is generally considered IN-PLACE, meaning it requires minimal additional memory overhead?

External Merge Sort
Radix Sort (using counting sort as a subroutine)
Quick Sort
Bucket Sort

Question 5

Radix Sort operates by:

Comparing elements and swapping them based on their values.
Recursively dividing the array and sorting subarrays.
Distributing elements into buckets based on individual digits or characters.
Building a binary tree and performing an in-order traversal.

Question 6

You are given an array of integers nums and an integer k. Find the total number of continuous subarrays whose sum equals to k.

Use dynamic programming to store the number of subarrays with sum k ending at each index.
Use two nested loops to iterate through all possible subarrays.
Use a sliding window approach to find subarrays with the given sum.
Use a hash table to store the cumulative sum of elements and their frequency.

Question 7

In the context of external sorting, what does the term 'run' typically refer to?

A single pass through the entire dataset.
The number of disk I/O operations performed.
The process of merging two sorted subarrays.
A sequence of sorted elements that can be held in memory.

Question 8

Given an array of integers, find the subarray with the maximum sum in linear time. The subarray must contain at least one element.

Kadane's Algorithm, which iterates through the array, keeping track of the maximum sum ending at each index.
Divide and conquer approach by finding the maximum subarray in the left half, right half, and the one crossing the midpoint.
Brute force approach by checking all possible subarrays.
Dynamic programming approach by building a table to store the maximum sum ending at each index.

Question 9

You are given an array of integers and a target sum. Find all unique quadruplets in the array that sum up to the target sum.

Use four nested loops to iterate through all possible combinations of four elements.
Use a backtracking algorithm to explore all possible combinations of elements.
Use a hash table to store the sum of all pairs of elements.
Sort the array and use two pointers to find pairs of elements that sum up to a specific value.

Question 10

In a real-world application, you are using a dynamic array to store a constantly growing dataset. You notice that the performance degrades significantly during the array resizing operations. What strategy could you employ to mitigate this performance bottleneck?

Switch to a linked list data structure, sacrificing some element access speed for better insertion performance.
Optimize the algorithm that processes the data to reduce the overall number of insertions into the array.
Implement a custom memory allocator that reserves larger chunks of contiguous memory in advance.
Increase the frequency of resizing, reallocating the array with smaller size increments.

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Question 1

Imagine you have a sorted array, and you want to find the index of the first element that is greater than a given target value. Which algorithm would provide the most efficient solution?

Bubble Sort
Linear Search
Binary Search
Selection Sort

Question 2

Consider an algorithm that iterates through a sorted array of size N. In each iteration, it performs a binary search on the array. What is the overall time complexity of this algorithm?

O(N log N)
O(log N)
O(N^2)
O(N)

Question 3

You are given an unsorted array of integers where each element represents the height of a bar in a histogram. Find the largest rectangular area in the histogram.

Sort the array and calculate the area for each subarray.
Use a divide and conquer approach to find the minimum element in each subarray.
Use dynamic programming to store the maximum area ending at each index.
Iterate through the array and maintain a stack to track potential rectangle heights.

Question 4

Which sorting algorithm is generally considered IN-PLACE, meaning it requires minimal additional memory overhead?

External Merge Sort
Radix Sort (using counting sort as a subroutine)
Quick Sort
Bucket Sort

Question 5

Radix Sort operates by:

Comparing elements and swapping them based on their values.
Recursively dividing the array and sorting subarrays.
Distributing elements into buckets based on individual digits or characters.
Building a binary tree and performing an in-order traversal.

Question 6

You are given an array of integers nums and an integer k. Find the total number of continuous subarrays whose sum equals to k.

Use dynamic programming to store the number of subarrays with sum k ending at each index.
Use two nested loops to iterate through all possible subarrays.
Use a sliding window approach to find subarrays with the given sum.
Use a hash table to store the cumulative sum of elements and their frequency.

Question 7

In the context of external sorting, what does the term 'run' typically refer to?

A single pass through the entire dataset.
The number of disk I/O operations performed.
The process of merging two sorted subarrays.
A sequence of sorted elements that can be held in memory.

Question 8

Given an array of integers, find the subarray with the maximum sum in linear time. The subarray must contain at least one element.

Kadane's Algorithm, which iterates through the array, keeping track of the maximum sum ending at each index.
Divide and conquer approach by finding the maximum subarray in the left half, right half, and the one crossing the midpoint.
Brute force approach by checking all possible subarrays.
Dynamic programming approach by building a table to store the maximum sum ending at each index.

Question 9

You are given an array of integers and a target sum. Find all unique quadruplets in the array that sum up to the target sum.

Use four nested loops to iterate through all possible combinations of four elements.
Use a backtracking algorithm to explore all possible combinations of elements.
Use a hash table to store the sum of all pairs of elements.
Sort the array and use two pointers to find pairs of elements that sum up to a specific value.

Question 10

Switch to a linked list data structure, sacrificing some element access speed for better insertion performance.
Optimize the algorithm that processes the data to reduce the overall number of insertions into the array.
Implement a custom memory allocator that reserves larger chunks of contiguous memory in advance.
Increase the frequency of resizing, reallocating the array with smaller size increments.

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