What is the primary advantage of using a deque (double-ended stack) over a standard stack?
Lower memory consumption for large data sets.
Improved search efficiency for sorted data.
Ability to efficiently add or remove elements from both ends.
Faster access to elements in the middle of the stack.
What is a potential drawback of implementing multiple stacks in a single array with a fixed size?
Risk of stack overflow if the allocated space is insufficient.
Inability to store certain data types within the stacks.
Slower performance compared to using separate stacks.
Increased complexity in managing stack operations.
Which data structure is often used in conjunction with a persistent stack to efficiently manage the different versions of the stack?
Hash table
Binary tree
Linked list
Queue
You need to implement a stack that supports push, pop, and find-minimum operations, all in O(1) time complexity. Which data structure is best suited for this scenario?
Two stacks: one for the main data and one for storing elements in sorted order.
A single stack storing only the minimum element encountered so far.
A binary search tree to efficiently maintain sorted data and find the minimum.
A single stack where each element is a pair containing the value and the minimum value up to that point.
What is the fundamental idea behind memory optimization in stack implementations that use linked lists?
Storing only the difference between consecutive values in the stack, reducing the memory required per node.
Relying on the operating system's virtual memory management to handle memory allocation and deallocation efficiently.
Using a tail pointer in addition to the head pointer to facilitate faster memory deallocation during pop operations.
Pre-allocating a large block of memory for stack nodes to reduce the overhead of individual allocations.
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to benefit from using a persistent stack data structure?
Implementing an undo/redo functionality in a text editor.
Storing a history of user actions for analytics purposes.
All of the above.
Managing function call stacks in a recursive algorithm.
In a multi-stack implementation using a single array, what technique is commonly used to indicate the boundaries between individual stacks?
Maintaining separate arrays to track the top and bottom of each stack.
Employing a hash table to map stack identifiers to their corresponding array ranges.
Storing special delimiter characters within the array.
Using pointers or indices to mark the top and/or bottom of each stack.
In a persistent stack implementation using linked lists, what is the time complexity of performing a 'pop' operation on a stack with 'n' elements?
O(n)
O(log n)
O(1)
It depends on the implementation.
You are tasked with designing a double-ended stack using a fixed-size array. Which of the following strategies is MOST likely to result in frequent stack overflows, even when the total number of elements in the stack is significantly less than the array's capacity?
Resizing the array dynamically whenever an overflow occurs.
Growing the stack from both ends towards the middle of the array.
Using separate head and tail pointers that move towards each other.
Growing the stack from one end and allowing the other end to wrap around when it reaches the array boundary.
What is the primary challenge in implementing multiple stacks within a single array?
Managing the dynamic resizing of the array as stacks grow and shrink.
Maintaining the order of elements within each individual stack.
Ensuring data integrity and preventing data corruption between stacks.
Optimizing the search operation across all stacks stored in the array.