What is an advantage of using a persistent stack in a concurrent programming environment?
Reduces the risk of race conditions and data inconsistencies.
Eliminates the need for locks or synchronization primitives.
Improves performance by allowing parallel access to the stack.
Simplifies data sharing and communication between threads.
In a persistent stack implementation, what happens when you push a new element onto the stack?
A new stack is created with the new element, preserving the original stack.
An error occurs as persistent stacks are immutable.
The original stack is modified to include the new element.
The new element replaces the top element of the original stack.
In a persistent stack implementation using linked lists, what is the time complexity of performing a 'pop' operation on a stack with 'n' elements?
O(n)
O(log n)
O(1)
It depends on the implementation.
In the context of memory management within a stack, what is the primary advantage of using linked lists over arrays?
Linked lists allow for dynamic memory allocation, preventing potential overflow issues.
Arrays offer better cache locality compared to linked lists, leading to faster execution.
Linked lists provide faster access to elements compared to arrays.
Arrays are generally more memory-efficient than linked lists.
What is the primary advantage of using a deque (double-ended stack) over a standard stack?
Lower memory consumption for large data sets.
Ability to efficiently add or remove elements from both ends.
Faster access to elements in the middle of the stack.
Improved search efficiency for sorted data.
In the largest rectangle in a histogram problem, we aim to find the rectangle with the maximum area within a given histogram. How does the stack help in efficiently determining the area of potential rectangles?
The stack is not used in the most efficient solutions to this problem.
The stack maintains the areas of all previously encountered rectangles for comparison.
The stack keeps track of the starting indices of potential rectangles, enabling efficient width calculation.
The stack stores the heights of the bars in increasing order, allowing for quick area calculation.
What is a potential drawback of implementing multiple stacks in a single array with a fixed size?
Inability to store certain data types within the stacks.
Risk of stack overflow if the allocated space is insufficient.
Slower performance compared to using separate stacks.
Increased complexity in managing stack operations.
You need to implement a stack that supports push, pop, and find-minimum operations, all in O(1) time complexity. Which data structure is best suited for this scenario?
Two stacks: one for the main data and one for storing elements in sorted order.
A single stack where each element is a pair containing the value and the minimum value up to that point.
A single stack storing only the minimum element encountered so far.
A binary search tree to efficiently maintain sorted data and find the minimum.
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to benefit from using a persistent stack data structure?
Implementing an undo/redo functionality in a text editor.
Managing function call stacks in a recursive algorithm.
All of the above.
Storing a history of user actions for analytics purposes.
The stock span problem requires finding the number of consecutive days before each day with a stock price less than or equal to the current day's price. What is the time complexity of the most efficient algorithm for this problem using a stack?
O(n^2)
O(n log n)