Which data structure is often used in conjunction with a persistent stack to efficiently manage the different versions of the stack?
Binary tree
Linked list
Queue
Hash table
You are tasked with designing a double-ended stack using a fixed-size array. Which of the following strategies is MOST likely to result in frequent stack overflows, even when the total number of elements in the stack is significantly less than the array's capacity?
Using separate head and tail pointers that move towards each other.
Growing the stack from both ends towards the middle of the array.
Resizing the array dynamically whenever an overflow occurs.
Growing the stack from one end and allowing the other end to wrap around when it reaches the array boundary.
You need to implement a stack that supports push, pop, and find-minimum operations, all in O(1) time complexity. Which data structure is best suited for this scenario?
A single stack where each element is a pair containing the value and the minimum value up to that point.
Two stacks: one for the main data and one for storing elements in sorted order.
A binary search tree to efficiently maintain sorted data and find the minimum.
A single stack storing only the minimum element encountered so far.
In the context of memory management within a stack, what is the primary advantage of using linked lists over arrays?
Linked lists provide faster access to elements compared to arrays.
Arrays are generally more memory-efficient than linked lists.
Arrays offer better cache locality compared to linked lists, leading to faster execution.
Linked lists allow for dynamic memory allocation, preventing potential overflow issues.
Which of these scenarios would particularly benefit from using a persistent stack?
Representing the order of web pages visited in a browser's history.
Storing a dynamically changing list of tasks in a to-do app.
Implementing undo/redo functionality in a text editor.
Managing function call stacks in a recursive algorithm.
Tarjan's algorithm, which leverages a stack, is a prominent algorithm in graph theory. What problem does Tarjan's algorithm solve efficiently?
Identifying strongly connected components in a directed graph.
Checking if a given graph is bipartite (can be colored using two colors).
Finding the shortest path between any two nodes in a graph.
Determining the minimum spanning tree of a weighted graph.
Consider a scenario where you need to implement a backtracking algorithm. Which stack implementation would be most suitable?
Double-ended stack (deque)
Persistent stack
Multi-stack implementation in a single array
Standard stack
What is the fundamental idea behind memory optimization in stack implementations that use linked lists?
Pre-allocating a large block of memory for stack nodes to reduce the overhead of individual allocations.
Using a tail pointer in addition to the head pointer to facilitate faster memory deallocation during pop operations.
Storing only the difference between consecutive values in the stack, reducing the memory required per node.
Relying on the operating system's virtual memory management to handle memory allocation and deallocation efficiently.
In a persistent stack implementation, what happens when you push a new element onto the stack?
The new element replaces the top element of the original stack.
An error occurs as persistent stacks are immutable.
A new stack is created with the new element, preserving the original stack.
The original stack is modified to include the new element.
Imagine you're implementing a stack with a fixed-size array. Which situation leads to a stack overflow even if the number of elements in the stack is less than the array's size?
Pushing an element when the stack pointer is at the end of the array, even if some initial array slots are empty.
Popping an element when the stack pointer is at the beginning of the array.
Popping an element when the stack pointer is at the end of the array.
Pushing an element when the stack pointer is at the middle of the array.