What occurs during context switching?
The system switches from a user mode to kernel mode
Processes are deleted from memory
A process is moved to the ready state
CPU registers and state are saved and restored
Which mechanism allows processes to communicate by sending messages to each other?
Mutexes
Message Passing
Queues
Locks
What is the role of a Process Control Block (PCB)?
To hold information about process scheduling
To control memory access
To manage CPU power consumption
To store user data
In segmentation, how is memory divided?
In equal-sized blocks
Into fixed-sized pages
According to varying logical segments or sections
Based on storage units
Which process state indicates that the process is waiting for some event to occur?
Running
Ready
Blocked
Terminated
What is a key feature of acyclic-graph directory structures?
Files are stored in a single directory
Files can have multiple parents
Files are uniquely stored without redundancy
All files must have one parent
In CPU scheduling, which criterion primarily focuses on minimizing the average time a process waits in the queue before execution?
Throughput
Waiting Time
Response Time
Turnaround Time
What triggers a context switch in a multitasking operating system?
User input only.
File system requests only.
Network requests only.
Timer interrupts or process blocking.
What causes thrashing in an operating system?
Large process size exceeding physical memory
Inefficient CPU scheduling
High frequency of page faults
Insufficient memory allocation for processes
What is a characteristic of a Distributed Operating System?
It can only run on one machine
It physically shares resources among multiple machines
It is primarily used for mobile devices
It relies solely on local storage