What is a primary benefit of using an acyclic-graph directory structure for files?
Simplicity of implementation
Support for hard links
Elimination of circular references
Efficiency in searching
Which recovery method typically involves terminating one or more processes involved in the deadlock?
Process Termination
Priority Inversion
Resource Preemption
Resource Reallocation
What occurs during a process's creation in an operating system?
The process directly starts executing
The process immediately enters the terminated state
A new PCB is created and initialized
The process gains access to all system resources
Which operating system structure is considered the most flexible in terms of adding new services?
Microkernel
Modular
Layered
Monolithic
What is the primary purpose of the process control block (PCB)?
To contain the program code of a process
To handle interrupt requests from hardware
To manage memory allocation for a process
To store information about process state and resources
Which operating system type primarily focuses on resource sharing among multiple users in real-time?
Embedded OS
Real-time OS
Multi-user OS
Batch processing OS
What type of directory structure is best suited for a system that allows for multiple users with independent directories?
Single-Level
Acyclic-Graph
Tree-Structured
Two-Level
Which of the following threading models creates a thread for each process thread, thereby maximizing concurrency?
One-to-One model
Many-to-Many model
Many-to-One model
Hybrid model
What is a consequence of context switching in multithreading?
Reduced memory consumption
Higher throughput
Increased responsiveness
Overhead cost in CPU usage
Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for environments where tasks have significantly varied resource requirements?
Multilevel Queue Scheduling
Shortest Job Next
Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling
First-Come, First-Served