What is a significant disadvantage of contiguous memory allocation?
It is inefficient with large memory sizes.
It requires continuous allocation.
It leads to external fragmentation.
It complicates the memory management unit.
What is the primary purpose of memory management in an operating system?
To manage the data flow between the CPU and memory
To control access to hardware devices
To optimize the allocation and usage of memory resources
To provide user interfaces
What is the role of the 'ready' state in process management?
To signify a process that is prepared to run
To hold processes waiting for resources
To show that a process has finished executing
To indicate a process that is currently being executed
What issue arises when a system experiences thrashing?
Excessive CPU utilization without productive work.
System crashes due to insufficient memory.
Constant paging activity resulting in poor performance.
Ineffective scheduling causing CPU starvation.
What is a consequence of context switching in multithreading?
Reduced memory consumption
Overhead cost in CPU usage
Increased responsiveness
Higher throughput
Which of the following process states indicates that a process is waiting for some event to occur?
Blocked
Terminated
Running
Ready
What is a process in an operating system?
A type of hardware
A database system
A program in execution
A user interface
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the FIFO page replacement algorithm?
It has a deterministic replacement pattern.
It uses excessive memory space.
It is complex to implement.
It may replace frequently used pages.
What synchronization problem arises from multiple processes accessing shared data concurrently?
Deadlock
Starvation
Race Condition
Thrashing
Which of the following best describes virtualization?
Improving overall application speed through hardware upgrades.
Operating systems that do not require a physical server.
Running multiple operating systems on a single physical machine.
Combining different hardware devices to enhance performance.