When using Shortest Job Next (SJN) scheduling, what is the risk associated with prioritizing shorter jobs?
Complex implementation
Decreased CPU utilization
Increased waiting time for all jobs
Starvation of longer jobs
Which scheduling algorithm is best suited for environments where tasks have significantly varied resource requirements?
First-Come, First-Served
Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling
Shortest Job Next
Multilevel Queue Scheduling
What mechanism is typically employed in a file system to ensure consistency after a crash?
Backup and Restore
Commit Log
File Deletion
Redundant Storage
Which page replacement algorithm achieves the lowest page fault rate in theory?
Optimal Page Replacement
Second Chance Algorithm
First-In-First-Out (FIFO)
Least Recently Used (LRU)
In CPU scheduling, which criterion primarily focuses on minimizing the average time a process waits in the queue before execution?
Throughput
Waiting Time
Response Time
Turnaround Time
Which method of file allocation helps in achieving better disk space utilization by allowing files to grow dynamically?
Linked Allocation
Contiguous Allocation
Static Allocation
Indexed Allocation
What is a key feature of acyclic-graph directory structures?
All files must have one parent
Files can have multiple parents
Files are stored in a single directory
Files are uniquely stored without redundancy
Which of the following correctly describes the memory hierarchy?
Cache < Disk < Registers < Main Memory
Registers < Cache < Main Memory < Disk
Disk < Main Memory < Cache < Registers
Main Memory < Registers < Cache < Disk
In the context of Inter-Process Communication (IPC), what does 'message passing' refer to?
Processes communicating without shared memory
CPU communicating with IO devices
Processes sharing data through files
Threads communicating within the same process
Which file allocation method allows for non-contiguous disk space utilization while avoiding fragmentation?
Sequential Allocation