What type of fragmentation occurs when memory is allocated and deallocated in varying sizes?
Internal Fragmentation
External Fragmentation
Stack Fragmentation
Heap Fragmentation
What does context switching refer to in operating systems?
Switching the process state from running to ready.
Switching between different types of software.
Saving and restoring process states.
Switching between different security levels.
Which of the following is a primary function of a hypervisor?
To provide user interface for applications.
To manage physical hardware resources.
To act as a firewall for network protection.
To create virtual machines from physical servers.
In Priority Scheduling, how is the priority of a process typically determined?
By the process age
By the expected time of execution
By the size of the process
By the user's input
Why is Priority Scheduling susceptible to starvation?
It is based on the order of arrival
All processes run indefinitely
Lower priority processes are delayed indefinitely
High-priority processes never yield the CPU
Which state does a process enter after it has completed its execution?
Blocked
New
Ready
Terminated
Which of the following synchronization mechanisms is used to control access to a shared resource?
NetBIOS
Semaphore
BFS
Thread Pool
What is the primary benefit of virtual memory?
Increases the speed of RAM
Reduces physical memory usage
Allows processes to use more memory than physically available
Eliminates fragmentation completely
What mechanism does virtual memory primarily use to allow processes to exceed physical memory limits?
Caching
Compacting
Segmentation
Swapping
Which page replacement algorithm uses a first-in, first-out policy?
Page Fault Rate
First In First Out (FIFO)
Least Recently Used (LRU)
Optimal