What is a consequence of context switching in multithreading?
Higher throughput
Overhead cost in CPU usage
Increased responsiveness
Reduced memory consumption
What type of virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on the same hardware?
Application virtualization
Hardware virtualization
Network virtualization
Memory virtualization
What is the main difference between paging and segmentation in memory management?
Paging divides memory into fixed-sized pages, while segmentation divides it into variable-sized segments.
Segmentation allows for easier program sharing than paging.
Segmentation is only used for physical memory allocation, while paging is for virtual memory allocation.
Paging is more efficient in handling large processes compared to segmentation.
What triggers a context switch in a multitasking operating system?
User input only.
Network requests only.
File system requests only.
Timer interrupts or process blocking.
In Demand Paging, what triggers a page fetch from disk?
System reboot
A page fault occurrence
A process requesting memory
The CPU reaching its processing limit
Which type of operating system is designed to support a single user?
Multi-user OS
Distributed OS
Single-user OS
Real-time OS
What is context switching?
Reallocating memory to a process
Switching CPU from one process to another
Changing process state
Entering the kernel mode
What is a key advantage of shared memory in Inter-Process Communication (IPC)?
Requires complex synchronization
Fast communication between processes
Easy error detection
Slower data exchange
What is a significant disadvantage of contiguous memory allocation?
It is inefficient with large memory sizes.
It complicates the memory management unit.
It leads to external fragmentation.
It requires continuous allocation.
What is a primary benefit of using an acyclic-graph directory structure for files?
Elimination of circular references
Support for hard links
Simplicity of implementation
Efficiency in searching