In contiguous memory allocation, how is memory typically assigned to processes?
In fixed-sized blocks based on process requirements and available memory
In non-fixed sizes allocated dynamically from a pool
In a linear sequence of memory addresses
As one large block that is shared among processes
Which of the following is an example of a distributed operating system?
Google Cloud OS
Unix
Linux
Windows
What does context switching refer to in operating systems?
Switching the process state from running to ready.
Switching between different types of software.
Saving and restoring process states.
Switching between different security levels.
Which file allocation method uses a table to track the location of blocks for a file?
Clustered Allocation
Contiguous Allocation
Linked Allocation
Indexed Allocation
What occurs during a process's creation in an operating system?
The process directly starts executing
A new PCB is created and initialized
The process immediately enters the terminated state
The process gains access to all system resources
Which of the following is the best description of 'circular wait' in the context of deadlocks?
Resources are preempted from processes to resolve deadlocks.
A single resource is held by a process indefinitely.
A process holds resources while waiting for other resources held by other processes.
Processes are arranged in a circular chain, each waiting for the next resource.
In which scenario is message passing preferred over shared memory?
When processes are running on the same machine
When processes run on different machines
When processes need faster communication
When processes share large amounts of data
Which of the following synchronization mechanisms is used to control access to a shared resource?
NetBIOS
Thread Pool
Semaphore
BFS
Which of the following file allocation methods allows for non-contiguous file storage?
Static Allocation
Which operating system structure is considered the most flexible in terms of adding new services?
Monolithic
Layered
Modular
Microkernel