A researcher wants to ensure representation from different age groups (20-30, 31-40, 41-50, etc.) in their sample. Which sampling method is most appropriate?
Cluster Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
What is the range of the following dataset: 7, 12, 4, 9, 15, 11?
8
15
4
11
Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?
Calculating the average height of students in a class
Finding the range of ages among employees in a company
Estimating the average income of all citizens in a country based on a sample
Creating a bar chart to show the distribution of grades on an exam
If the range of a dataset is 20, and the smallest value is 5, what is the largest value?
Cannot be determined
25
20
Which of the following is an example of a variable measured at the interval level?
Gender
Temperature in Fahrenheit
Letter Grade (A, B, C, D, F)
Height in centimeters
The 25th percentile is also known as the:
Interquartile Range
Second Quartile
Third Quartile
First Quartile
If the p-value is less than the significance level, what decision do we make regarding the null hypothesis?
Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Accept the null hypothesis.
Conclude that the null hypothesis is true.
Reject the null hypothesis.
Which of the following best describes a Type II error?
Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is actually false.
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.
Rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is actually true.
Drawing a card from a deck and then drawing another card without replacing the first is an example of:
Mutually exclusive events
Independent events
Dependent events
Complementary events
What does the significance level (alpha) represent in hypothesis testing?
The strength of the relationship between variables.
The threshold below which we reject the null hypothesis.
The probability of making a Type II error.
The probability of obtaining the observed data.