What is the primary difference between a discrete probability distribution and a continuous probability distribution?
Discrete distributions are used for quantitative data, while continuous distributions are used for qualitative data.
There is no difference; both types of distributions represent the same statistical concepts.
Discrete distributions are represented by graphs, while continuous distributions are represented by tables.
Discrete distributions deal with countable data, while continuous distributions deal with data that can take on any value within a range.
Which data type is represented by the ranking of athletes in a competition (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)?
Ordinal
Ratio
Nominal
Interval
What does the alternative hypothesis typically represent?
The statement that is always rejected in hypothesis testing.
The statement that is always accepted in hypothesis testing.
The statement of no effect or no difference.
The opposite of the null hypothesis.
A study analyzing the average income of doctors uses data from a publicly available database containing salary information for all licensed physicians in a country. What type of data collection method is this?
Observation
Experiment
Secondary Data Analysis
Survey
Which type of error occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis?
Type II error
Type III error
Sampling error
Type I error
Which type of chart is particularly useful for comparing the distribution of a variable across different categories?
Pie Chart
Box Plot
Scatter Plot
Histogram
If you want to visualize the proportion of different departments' expenses in a company, which chart type is most appropriate?
A study finds that there is a correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What can we conclude from this finding alone?
Crime rates influence ice cream sales.
There is a relationship between ice cream sales and crime rates, but we cannot determine causality.
Eating ice cream causes crime.
This is a coincidence and there is no relationship.
A researcher wants to study the spending habits of shoppers at a mall. They randomly select every 10th shopper entering the mall to participate in a survey. What type of sampling method is this?
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal distribution?
Mean, median, and mode are equal
The total area under the curve equals 1
Asymmetry with a longer tail on one side
Bell-shaped and symmetrical