What does the alternative hypothesis typically represent?
The statement that is always accepted in hypothesis testing.
The opposite of the null hypothesis.
The statement of no effect or no difference.
The statement that is always rejected in hypothesis testing.
If the p-value is less than the significance level, what decision do we make regarding the null hypothesis?
Reject the null hypothesis.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclude that the null hypothesis is true.
Accept the null hypothesis.
A researcher wants to study the opinions of nurses in a hospital. They randomly select 5 departments and then survey every nurse in those departments. What sampling method is being used?
Cluster Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Systematic Sampling
A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. What is the probability of drawing a red ball at random?
1/2
5/8
3/8
3/5
A researcher wants to study the spending habits of shoppers at a mall. They randomly select every 10th shopper entering the mall to participate in a survey. What type of sampling method is this?
Every 10th person entering a store is surveyed about their shopping experience. What type of sampling method is being used?
What does the significance level (alpha) represent in hypothesis testing?
The probability of making a Type II error.
The probability of obtaining the observed data.
The threshold below which we reject the null hypothesis.
The strength of the relationship between variables.
What is the primary use of a bar chart?
Displaying the relationship between two continuous variables
Comparing values across different categories
Representing parts of a whole
Showing the distribution of a continuous variable
Which data type is represented by the ranking of athletes in a competition (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)?
Ratio
Interval
Nominal
Ordinal
Drawing a card from a deck and then drawing another card without replacing the first is an example of:
Independent events
Dependent events
Mutually exclusive events
Complementary events