Which of the following correctly describes the null and alternative hypotheses?
The null hypothesis represents the status quo or no effect, while the alternative hypothesis proposes a specific effect.
The null hypothesis assumes a relationship, while the alternative hypothesis denies it.
The null and alternative hypotheses are interchangeable.
The null hypothesis is what we aim to prove, and the alternative hypothesis is the opposite.
If the p-value is less than the significance level, what decision do we make regarding the null hypothesis?
Reject the null hypothesis.
Accept the null hypothesis.
Conclude that the null hypothesis is true.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
The 25th percentile is also known as the:
Third Quartile
Interquartile Range
Second Quartile
First Quartile
A researcher wants to survey a sample of students from a university. They randomly select 5 departments and then survey every student within those departments. What sampling method is being used?
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
The temperature in Celsius is an example of what level of measurement?
Nominal
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing?
The probability of the null hypothesis being true.
The probability of observing the data if the null hypothesis were true.
The probability of the alternative hypothesis being true.
The probability of making a Type I error.
Which type of error occurs when we reject a true null hypothesis?
Type III error
Sampling error
Type I error
Type II error
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative variable?
Number of siblings
Height in centimeters
Temperature in Celsius
Favorite color
What does a small standard deviation indicate about a dataset?
The data points are spread out widely from the mean
The data points are clustered closely around the mean
The data is skewed to the right
The data is skewed to the left
What percentage of data falls below the first quartile (Q1) in a dataset?
75%
50%
25%
100%