Which of the following is an example of a qualitative variable?
Height in centimeters
Temperature in Celsius
Number of siblings
Favorite color
A researcher wants to survey a sample of students from a university. They randomly select 5 departments and then survey every student within those departments. What sampling method is being used?
Cluster Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
A study analyzing the average income of doctors uses data from a publicly available database containing salary information for all licensed physicians in a country. What type of data collection method is this?
Observation
Secondary Data Analysis
Experiment
Survey
What is the range of the following dataset: 7, 12, 4, 9, 15, 11?
4
15
11
8
What does the significance level (alpha) represent in hypothesis testing?
The probability of making a Type II error.
The probability of obtaining the observed data.
The strength of the relationship between variables.
The threshold below which we reject the null hypothesis.
The temperature in Celsius is an example of what level of measurement?
Interval
Nominal
Ratio
Ordinal
What is the alternative hypothesis in a statistical test?
The statement of no change or no relationship.
The statement that is always true.
The statement we are trying to disprove.
The statement we accept if the null hypothesis is rejected.
What does the alternative hypothesis typically represent?
The opposite of the null hypothesis.
The statement that is always accepted in hypothesis testing.
The statement that is always rejected in hypothesis testing.
The statement of no effect or no difference.
What level of measurement is represented by the ranking of restaurants from 1 to 5 stars?
What does a small standard deviation indicate about a dataset?
The data points are clustered closely around the mean
The data is skewed to the right
The data points are spread out widely from the mean
The data is skewed to the left