In a probability distribution, what does a higher peak indicate?
Lower probability of values around the peak
Greater variability in the data
Smaller sample size
Higher probability of values around the peak
Which of the following correctly defines the null hypothesis?
The statement that is accepted if the p-value is less than the significance level.
The statement that is rejected if the p-value is greater than the significance level.
The statement of no effect or no difference.
The statement we are trying to prove.
What is the primary use of a bar chart?
Displaying the relationship between two continuous variables
Showing the distribution of a continuous variable
Representing parts of a whole
Comparing values across different categories
A researcher surveys 100 people and asks them how many pets they own. What type of graph would be most appropriate for displaying the frequency of each response (number of pets)?
Histogram
Scatter plot
Pie chart
Line graph
If a distribution is skewed to the right, what is the relationship between the mean and the median?
Mean is greater than the median.
The relationship cannot be determined.
Mean is equal to the median.
Mean is less than the median.
What is the commonly used significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.50
A study finds that there is a correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What can we conclude from this finding alone?
Eating ice cream causes crime.
Crime rates influence ice cream sales.
This is a coincidence and there is no relationship.
There is a relationship between ice cream sales and crime rates, but we cannot determine causality.
What does a small standard deviation indicate about a dataset?
The data points are clustered closely around the mean
The data is skewed to the left
The data is skewed to the right
The data points are spread out widely from the mean
A researcher wants to ensure representation from different age groups (20-30, 31-40, 41-50, etc.) in their sample. Which sampling method is most appropriate?
Stratified Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Which of the following chart types is MOST effective for displaying data that changes over time?
Box Plot
Pie Chart
Scatter Plot
Line Graph