What is a primary disadvantage of contiguous allocation?
High overhead for small files
Difficulty in resizing files
Complex access methods
Increased fragmentation
Which classical synchronization problem involves managing a limited-size buffered resource shared between producer and consumer processes?
Dining Philosophers Problem
Readers-Writers Problem
Sleeping Barber Problem
Bounded Buffer Problem
What form of fragmentation occurs when free memory is divided into small blocks and cannot satisfy memory requests?
Internal fragmentation
Segment fragmentation
External fragmentation
Paging fragmentation
Which type of hypervisor is embedded in the host operating system?
Bare-metal Hypervisor
Type 2 Hypervisor
Managed Hypervisor
Type 1 Hypervisor
What is the main drawback of the FIFO page replacement algorithm?
It is less efficient than LRU
It requires additional hardware support
It can lead to Belady's anomaly
It uses too much memory
In the context of multithreading, what is 'synchronization' primarily concerned with?
Eliminating context switching.
Improving thread performance.
Managing different operating systems.
Ensuring mutual exclusion and visibility of shared data.
In which situation might caching introduce inconsistency problems?
When multiple users access the same file concurrently
When data is infrequently accessed
When the cache size is too large
When data is updated frequently
What distinguishes containers from virtual machines?
Containers require a hypervisor
Containers include a full guest OS
Containers are heavier than virtual machines
Containers share the host OS kernel
When using segmentation, what is the fundamental unit of allocation?
Pages
Segments
Frames
Blocks
What is the key difference between a virtual machine and a container?
Virtual machines run entire operating systems; containers run applications and their dependencies
Virtual machines share the host OS; containers do not
Containers virtualize at the hardware level; virtual machines do not
Containers are slower than virtual machines