In CPU scheduling, what does the term 'throughput' refer to?
The total time taken from process creation to completion.
The time taken by the operating system to switch between processes.
The average time a process spends in the ready queue.
The number of processes that complete execution in a given time period.
Which of the following is a method for achieving file system consistency after a crash?
Journaling
Data Replication
Disk Striping
Caching
What is the main drawback of the FIFO page replacement algorithm?
It is less efficient than LRU
It requires additional hardware support
It uses too much memory
It can lead to Belady's anomaly
Which of the following factors contributes to the effectiveness of Priority Scheduling?
Equal allocation of CPU time to all jobs.
Simplicity of implementation.
Dynamic adjustment of priorities based on aging.
Static assignment of priorities.
Which threading library provides a low-level API specifically optimized for multithreading in C?
OpenMP
Java Threads
Win32 Threads
Pthreads
Which of the following methods can be used for deadlock detection?
Banker’s Algorithm
Request-Allocation graph with timestamps
Resource Allocation Graph
All of the above
What is a primary advantage of using shared memory for IPC?
Higher throughput due to direct access
Easier to implement
Requires more system calls
Slower than message passing
Which of the following represents the modified SCAN algorithm that only services requests in one direction from the current head position?
C-SCAN
FCFS
SCAN
LOOK
Which method is not typically used for free space management?
Arrays
Grouping
Linked Lists
Bitmaps
Which of the following correctly defines a user-level thread?
A thread that can only run on a single processor.
A thread managed by the operating system kernel.
A thread that is invisible to the user application.
A thread created by the user application and managed in user space.