What is a primary advantage of using shared memory for IPC?
Requires more system calls
Higher throughput due to direct access
Easier to implement
Slower than message passing
What form of fragmentation occurs when free memory is divided into small blocks and cannot satisfy memory requests?
Segment fragmentation
Paging fragmentation
External fragmentation
Internal fragmentation
Which of the following best describes a bitmap in the context of free space management?
A graphical representation of the file system
A method to encode file attributes
A structure for organizing directories
A data structure that tracks allocated memory blocks
Which algorithm is known for minimizing the average waiting time for a set of processes?
Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling
First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
Round Robin (RR)
Shortest Job Next (SJN)
Which of the following mechanisms is commonly used to solve the bounded buffer problem?
Futexes
Mutex locks
Monitors
Condition variables
Which of the following is NOT one of the necessary conditions for a deadlock to occur?
No Preemption
Circular Wait
Hold and Wait
Mutual Exclusion
What is the main purpose of using a semaphore in process synchronization?
To provide mutual exclusion to shared resources.
To increase processor speed.
To enable efficient memory allocation.
To serialize access to a shared resource.
Which of the following statements about mutex locks is true?
They can be used for condition variables.
Only one thread can own a mutex lock at a time.
They enable multiple threads to access a resource simultaneously.
They can be locked multiple times by the same thread.
What is a primary disadvantage of contiguous allocation?
Complex access methods
High overhead for small files
Increased fragmentation
Difficulty in resizing files
What is a major advantage of using the Banker's Algorithm?
It guarantees safe resource allocation if possible.
It simplifies resource allocation logic.
It increases resource utilization.
It prevents starvation.